Anabolic steroids, also sometimes called anabolic androgenic steroids are natural and synthetic drugs that model naturally produced testosterone. Anabolic steroids are often used because they promote cell growth which helps the growth of tissues (particularly muscle). There are many different types of anabolic steroids and they each have their own combination of anabolic and androgenic properties to make them unique and better suited for different results.

The term anabolic steroids refers to the process of building muscle or other body mass including bone and other tissues. While this is good, anabolic steroids are not a miracle drug. The side effects associated with anabolic steroids include increased cholesterol levels, kidney and liver problems and elevated blood pressure. There are also non-life-threatening side effects of anabolic steroids. These include acne, increased body hair, cessation of natural production of hormones, premature baldness and deepening of the voice.

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The history of anabolic steroids cannot be explained without looking back to when the very beginnings of testosterone were first discovered. It’s been widely accepted since ancient times when the testicles were known to be required for male sexual characteristics and development. Then, in the mid-19th century, scientists discovered that removal of the testicles from birds caused a disappearance of male sexual properties.

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We constantly update our page to reflect all of the most recent information and commentary about steroids and anything involving the current trends in steroid use. Please feel free to visit our message board and forums — they are free. Just remember, steroids are not to be taken lightly, this is the place for you to research before you jump in.

The anabolic steroids information contained on this Website is for educational and entertainment purposes only. The HGH mentioned here are, by and large, prescription drugs, as are the human growth hormone drugs we discuss, and should only be used under the supervision of a qualified physician. iSteroids does not, in any way, condone the illegal acquisition and/or use of anabolic steroids for purposes other than those approved by the FDA or other legally recognized regulatory bodies. It is up to the end user to comply with all local, state and federal laws, thus we are not and will not be held responsible for any anabolic steroid misuse of or any damages that they may cause.

The state of Florida allows parents to choose if they want o teach their teens how to drive as a means of driver education. Several rules do apply, like the number of hours that must be spent behind the wheel with your parent or guardian. Teaching your kids driver education eliminates a number of problems that may hamper people as well. Parents no longer have to take off work or miss important events in order to transfer their child to and from driver education class. Also for those kids who live way out there where a driver education class may not be offered, taking it at home is a great alternative to driving miles to get a driver education school.

The state of Florida requires every first time driver to do a few things before they can apply for a learner’s permit. One of these things include taking a Florida Drug Alcohol Traffic Awareness course. This is a four hour long course which reviews basic knowledge of drugs, alcohol, and traffic safety. Once completing this course, you must then take a written exam before obtaining a learner’s permit. A high number of teens do not pass this test the first time do to the difficulty of the exam. It is recommended that you go onto the Internet to the Driver Education Online website.

Both the parent and the teen can go to the Driver Education Online website and take the DATA course as well as the learner’s permit preparatory course in order to be ready for the written test. Another great way to prepare for this test is by reading the Florida Drivers handbook or by taking the mini Florida driver’s education course that has three practice exams in order to fully prepare you for the real thing. You can find all the information you need by going to the Florida drivers license website.

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WASHINGTON - The famed Hope Diamond glows a mysterious red when exposed to ultraviolet light, a finding that scientists say can help them “fingerprint” blue diamonds and tell the real ones from the artificial.

The phosphorescence comes from boron in the gem, the same element that makes it appear blue in normal light, explained Jeffrey Port, curator of the National Gem Collection at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History.

But while all blue diamonds glow in ultraviolet light, most glow blue. The Hope glows red, indicating a different mix of boron and nitrogen, Post explained in a telephone interview.

He said researchers, by measuring the different glows, have been able to tell real blue diamonds from artificial ones as well as real ones that have been “enhanced” in laboratories.

The research was done at the Smithsonian and Naval Research Laboratory and their findings are reported in the journal Geology.

Some historians believe the Hope Diamond was cut from a larger gem first found in India and later part of the French crown jewels before the French Revolution.

If that is the case, Post said, the tests could also be used to identify other stones from the same source.

The 45.52-carat blue Hope Diamond is on display at the Natural History museum, but Post said lighting conditions there don’t allow it to be shown in ultraviolet light. He said the museum hopes to make a video of the stone when it glows — which continues for some time after the light is turned off — so visitors can see that.

“People typically think of the Hope Diamond as a historic gem, but this study underscores its importance as a rare scientific specimen that can provide vital insights into our knowledge of diamonds and how they are formed in the earth,” said Post.

Prior to this study, only limited scientific research existed regarding the phosphorescence properties of natural blue diamonds. Due to the rarity and extreme value of blue diamonds, scientists had typically used synthetic diamonds in past research. Post and his colleagues’ recent research took advantage of a unique opportunity to examine a large collection of natural blue diamonds at the museum that were made available by diamond dealers.

Copyright 2008 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

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The late astronomer Carl Sagan popularized the saying that “extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence,” in reference to reports of alien visitations. Generating low-cost commercial fusion power, isolating antimatter and tracing reverse-time causality aren’t as far out there as UFOs, but a similar rule might well apply: Extraordinary science requires extraordinary effort.

With that in mind, here’s a progress report on three extraordinary science projects that have popped up in the news:

Reverse-time causality
It’s been more than a year since University of Washington physicist John Cramer proposed to test a spooky corollary of quantum theory: that it might be possible to receive a laser signal before you send it. The problem was that Cramer didn’t really have enough research money to build the experiment, which required sending entangled photons through prisms, filters, optical fibers and other devices. What’s more, Cramer worried that the apparatus he planned to use would be available only for a limited time.

Once the general public found out about Cramer’s plight, the contributions started flowing in: Donors provided more than $40,000 - which allowed Cramer to move forward with the backward-time research. He was also able to find alternate lab space, which meant he didn’t have to worry so much about running out of … well, time.

Cramer’s backward research took the No. 2 spot in our recent Weird Science Awards competition. So how have things turned out?

It’s taken longer than he expected to set up all the equipment for the first phase of the experiment, but this week Cramer told me that he’s finally setting up the avalanche photodiodes required for making the fine measurements of single photons that will be required. “They’re sort of like little geiger counters, made of silicon,” he explained.

Cramer expected to start making measurements this week, but it will take still more time and effort to track down the retrocausality effect, if it exists. Happily, money is no longer an immediate concern. “I’m fine for the moment, as far as financial support goes,” Cramer said.

Trapping anti-atoms
During last summer’s visit to the CERN particle physics center on the French-Swiss border, I looked in on the ALPHA experiment to trap stable atoms of antihydrogen - which would afford the first-ever opportunity to study the properties of antimatter in the lab.

The ALPHA team, led by University of Aarhus physicist Jeffrey Hangst, has been engaged in a friendly competition to achieve the feat, vying with another team of researchers headquartered just a few yards away at CERN’s Antiproton Decelerator. “As usual, it’s a race here - it’s a race hour to hour,” Hangst told me.

By all accounts, the race continues. Hangst e-mailed me this progress report just before Christmas:

“… The short answer is that we don’t have any headlines for you. We made some nice progress this year, and our understanding improved greatly, but we did not yet succeed in trapping antihydrogen. We gave it a go at the end of the run. Although we see lots of evidence for positron-antiproton interaction in the magnetic trap, we have as yet no evidence that antihydrogen atoms can be caught.

“The good news is that we have much-improved techniques for manipulating antiprotons and keeping them in a very small radius cloud in order to maximize the chance of catching the produced antihydrogen. We also began commissioning our imaging detector for antiproton annihilations. This should really help us next year in diagnosing what is going on.

“I’ll keep you up to date on our progress next year. We are looking forward to it.”

Low-cost fusion power
Every time I write about the quest to develop a nuclear fusion reactor, I’m reminded that the $13 billion international ITER project in France is not the only game in town. Over the past year or so, there’s been a lot of buzz on the Internet about under-the-radar research into what some believe could be a low-cost fusion technology. The technology, known as inertial electrostatic confinement or Polywell fusion, was championed by physicist Robert Bussard - who passed away in October after a long battle with cancer.

Bussard’s mantle has been picked up by a small team led by Richard Nebel, who has taken a leave from Los Alamos National Laboratory to head up Bussard’s EMC2 Fusion Development Corp. Backed by a Navy contract, Nebel’s five-person team is trying to pick up the technology where Bussard left it.

“What’s there is interesting, OK?” Nebel told me today. “And the bottom line of it is, what we’ve been charged to do is reproduce that. Find out if it’s real. Find out if or if not all this stuff is what it seems to be.”

EMC2 Fusion has built an upgraded model of Bussard’s last experimental plasma containment device, which was known as WB-6. (The WB stands for Wiffle Ball, a whimsical reference to the structure of the device.) “We got first plasma yesterday,” Nebel said - but he and his colleagues in Santa Fe, N.M., still have a long way to get the WB-7 experiment up to the power levels Bussard was working with.

“We’re not out trying to make a big splash on any of this stuff at this point,” Nebel said. But he said he’s hoping to find out by this spring whether or not Bussard’s concept is worth pursuing with a larger demonstration project.

The initial analysis showed that Bussard’s data on energy yields were consistent with expectations, Nebel said.

“We don’t know for sure whether all that’s right,” he said, “but it’d be horrible for Mother Nature to give you what you expect to see, and have it all be bogus.”

Sure, there’s a chance that all this - a low-cost route to fusion power, the ability to trap antimatter atoms, the potential for quantum causality to turn back the clock - will turn out to be bogus. But maybe that’s what extraordinary science is all about. Stay tuned.

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Thanks to scientific and technical advances over the last hundred years, most people are today materially wealthier than their forefathers. Yet, by their own accounts, the improvement in the quality of their lives has not matched their material gains. In fact, it may be argued that people once were happier and more fulfilled. For some, material affluence breeds anxiety, a gnawing fear that if someone doesn’t take away their hard-earned acquisitions, the end of their days will prematurely arrive to finish the job. Others find death easier to face than a lifetime of assembly-line slavery, while most, in a less dramatic fashion, simply buckle down to lives of quiet desperation. Most individuals have no real grasp of the factors governing their existence. And yet, simply stated, if they had a greater understanding of themselves and their fellows they would be able to improve conditions and thus live happier lives. This, then, is the purpose of Scientology: to enable man to improve his lot through understanding.

 Before Scientology, the tremendous scientific advances of this era were not matched by similar advances in the humanities. Man’s knowledge of the physical universe had far outdistanced his knowledge of himself. The resulting pressures from such an imbalance account for much that has unsettled society and threatens our future. What Scientology represented to many when it appeared in the early 1950s was a restoration of the balance.

 Despite its many successes, science has not provided answers to questions man has been asking himself since time immemorial: Who are we? What do we consist of? Where do we come from? Where are we going? What are we doing? These questions have always been the province of philosophy and religion, but traditional answers became inadequate in the face of the H-bomb. Scientology, drawing on the same advances in knowledge that led to the understanding of nuclear physics, provides modern answers to these questions. And it supplied workable methods of application which made it possible for man to reach the ancient goal he has been striving toward for thousands of years: to know himself and, in knowing himself, to know and understand other people and, ultimately, life itself.

Scientology is a religion. It holds in common many of the beliefs of other religions and philosophies. Scientology considers man to be a spiritual being, with more to him than flesh and blood. This, of course, is a very different view to that espoused by prevailing scientific thought which views man as only a material object, a complex combination of chemical compounds and stimulus-response mechanisms.

An oil is any substance that is in a viscous liquid state (“oily”) at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer, and is both hydrophobic (immiscible with water, literally “water fearing”) and lipophilic (miscible with other oils, literally “fat loving”). This general definition includes compound classes with otherwise unrelated chemical structures, properties, and uses, including vegetable oils, petrochemical oils, and volatile essential oils. Oil is a nonpolar substance.

Etymology

Oil is a non-scientific term used to refer to certain diverse and unrelated compounds sharing the same physical properties (such as viscosity and a hydrophobic nature), while ignoring related compounds. The compounds found in cooking oil are chemically very similar, almost identical, to those found in butter and very different from those found in diesel, but while diesel is an oil, butter is not. Indeed diesel is once again very similar to natural gas, but gas is certainly not oil! This disparity stems partly from the fact that oils must be liquid at room temperature, and thus only certain liquid chemicals in many unrelated families are recognised, collectively, as ‘oil’. Scientists, instead of using the term ‘oil’, adopt the terms lipids and other terms such as alkanes and alkenes, to denote them instead.

Types of Oils

Mineral oils

All oils, with their high carbon and hydrogen content, can be traced back to organic sources. Mineral oils, found in porous rocks underground, are no exception, as they were originally the organic material, such as dead plankton, acumulated on the seafloor in geologically ancient times. Through various geochemical processes this material was converted to mineral oil, or petroleum, and its components, such as kerosene, paraffin waxes, gasoline, diesel and such. These are classified as mineral oils as they do not have an organic origin on human timescales, and are instead derived from underground geologic locations, ranging from rocks, to underground traps, to sands.

Other oily substances can also be found in the environment, the most well-known being tar, occurring naturally underground or, where there are leaks, in tar pits . Others include asphalt and bitumen.

Petroleum and other mineral oils, ( specifically labelled as petrochemicals ), have become such a crucial resource to human civilisation in modern times they are often referred to by the ubiquitous term of ‘oil’ itself.

Organic oils

Oils are also produced by plants, animals and other organisms through organic processes, and these oils are remarkable in their diversity. Oil is a somewhat vague term to use chemically, and the scientific term for oils, fats, waxes, cholesterol and other oily substances found in living things and their secretions, is lipids.

Lipids, ranging from waxes to steroids, are somewhat hard to characterize, and are united in a group almost solely based on the fact that they all repel, or refuse to dissolve, in water, and are however comfortably miscible in other liquid lipids. They also have a high carbon and hydrogen content, and are considerably lacking in oxygen compared to other organic compounds.

Applications

Food oils

Many edible vegetable and animal oils, and also fats, are used for various purposes in cooking and food preparation. In particular, many foods are fried in oil much hotter than boiling water. Oils are also used for flavoring and for modifying the texture of foods e.g Stir Fry.

Health advantages are claimed for a number of specific oils such as omega 3 oils (fish oil, flaxseed oil, etc) and evening primrose oil.

Trans fats, often produced by hydrogenating vegetable oils, are known to be harmful to health.

Fuel

Almost all oils burn in air generating heat, which can be used directly, or converted into other forms of energy by various means. Electricity, for example, can be generated from the combustion of oils through a steam-powered generator. Oils are used as fuels for heating, lighting (e.g. kerosene lamp), powering combustion engines, and other purposes. Oils used for this purpose nowadays are usually derived from petroleum, (fuel oil, diesel oil, petrol, (gasoline), etc), though biological oils such as biodiesel are gaining market share.

Heat transport

Many oils have higher boiling points than water and are electrical insulators, making them useful for liquid cooling systems, especially where electricity is used.

Lubrication

Due to their non-polarity, oils do not easily adhere to other substances. This makes them useful as lubricants for various engineering purposes. Mineral oils are more suitable than biological oils, which degrade rapidly in most environmental conditions.

Painting

Color pigments can be easily suspended in oil, making it suitable as supporting medium for paints. The slow drying process and miscibility of oil facilitates a realistic style. This method has been used since the 15th century.

What are the United States presidential candidates’ positions on scientific topics ranging from evolution to global warming? A special news report, which is being published in the 4 January issue of the journal Science, addresses these questions and profiles the nine leading candidates on where they stand on important scientific issues.

The 10-page special report, “Science and the Next U.S. President” profiles Hillary Clinton, John Edwards, Rudy Giuliani, Mike Huckabee, John McCain, Barack Obama, Bill Richardson, Mitt Romney, and Fred Thompson and offers voters a glimpse at each candidate’s views on science.

“Science felt that it was important to find out what the presidential candidates think about issues that may not be part of their standard stump speeches but that are vital to the future of the country–from reducing greenhouse gas emissions to improving science and math education,” said Jeffrey Mervis, deputy news editor, who oversees election coverage for the magazine’s news department. “We hope that the coverage may also kick off a broader discussion of the role of science and technology in decisions being made in Washington and around the world.”

Mervis writes in the article’s introduction that “the issues seem likely to remain relevant no matter who becomes the 44th president of the United States.” Here are some of the reports from Science’s news writers:

Hillary Clinton gives “the most detailed examination of science policy that any presidential candidate has offered to date” emphasizing innovation to drive economic growth, writes Eli Kintisch. She has proposed a “$50 billion research and deployment fund for green energy that she’d pay for by increasing federal taxes and royalties on oil companies. She would also establish a national energy council to oversee federal climate and greentech research and deployment programs.” And, “her science adviser would report directly to her.”

John Edwards would end censoring research and slanting policy on climate change, air pollution, stem cell research and would increase science funding, write Jocelyn Kaiser and Eliot Marshall. He would oppose expanding nuclear power and proposes “to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050, using a cap-and-trade system to auction off permits as a regulatory incentive.”

Rudy Giuliani’s “campaign successfully discouraged key advisers from speaking to Science about specific issues,” writes Marshall. On abortion, he would with reservations let the woman decide what to do. And, that the “League of Conservation Voters reports that Giuliani has ‘no articulated position’ on most of the environmental issues it tracks.”

John McCain views global warming as “the most urgent issue facing the world” and makes climate change on of the top issues of his campaign, writes Constance Holden. On the human embryonic stem cell issue, “he draws the line at human nuclear transfer, or research cloning, arguing that there is no ethical difference between cloning for research and cloning for reproduction.”

NEW YORK (AFP) - Oil prices slipped Friday after a shockingly weak US employment report fanned worries about recession and demand in the world’s biggest energy consumer.

New York’s main contract, light sweet crude for delivery in February, dropped 1.27 dollars to close at 97.91 dollars a barrel.

In London, Brent North Sea crude for February shed 81 cents to settle at 96.79 dollars

A lackluster US jobs data triggered profit taking a day after oil prices briefly struck intraday record highs.

On Thursday, the benchmark New York contract hit 100.09 dollars and Brent touched 98.50 dollars.

The US Labor Department reported the US economy gained 18,000 nonfarm jobs in December, the slowest job creation since 2003, as the unemployment rate rose to 5.0 percent, more than a two-year high.

The reading toppled market expectations of a 70,000 jobs increase and a 4.8 percent jobless rate, up from 4.7 percent in November.

The surprisingly weak report was a fresh warning flag of a slowing economy and prompted speculation that the Federal Reserve would lower interest rates again, after a combined one percentage point reduction since September.

“There should be every reason to think that the poor jobs number will return the focus to the economic slowing theme,” said John Kilduff of MF Global.

“While the bull run in the energy markets may have a last gasp or two, the report will underscore the trouble on the economic front.”

Despite the pullback Friday, some analysts said oil prices remained well supported and could soon strike new all-time peaks.

Sucden analyst Andrey Kryuchenkov noted a “favorable” combination of declining inventories, a weak dollar, soaring oil demand from Asia and geopolitical risks had helped to propel crude prices to 100 dollars.

“It seems that these factors will continue to dominate oil headlines in the foreseeable future. And even if we see a deeper correction in oil prices, in the longer term, the bullish trend is likely to prevail, as spare capacity on the supply side is very limited and demand is still growing,” he added.

Thursday’s declines were largely fueled by a US government showing American crude inventories had fallen by 4.0 million barrels last week, stoking supply concerns.

It was the seventh week in a row that stockpiles had dropped.

For Phil Flynn at Alaron Trading, the oil rally is being driven by “a kind of bullish inevitability in the press.”

“What is clear based on yesterday’s report is that oil needs a piece of news to drive us through 100 dollars a barrel or that new money that expects instant gratification will have to cover” when prices do not go much higher, he said.

Meanwhile the oil-producing cartel OPEC was expected to face fierce pressure to help calm the market at a special meeting on February 1.

The 13-member Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries shrugged off demands at its last meeting in December, despite a public plea from US Energy Secretary Samuel Bodman for an output increase.

The Saudi-led cartel pumps about 40 percent of world oil supplies but restricts the output of its members through a quota system that is regularly reviewed.

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