Posted in: Scientists
Scientists have divided the ocean into five main layers. These layers, known as “zones”, extend from the surface to the most extreme depths where light can no longer penetrate. These deep zones are where some of the most bizarre and fascinating creatures can be found. As we dive deeper into these largely unexplored places, the temperature drops and the pressure increases at an astounding rate. The following chart lists each of these zones in order of depth.
Epipelagic Zone - The first of these layers is known as the Epipelagic Zone and extends from the surface to 200 meters (656 feet). It is in this zone that most of the visible light exists.
Mesopelagic Zone - Next is the Mesopelagic Zone, extending from 200 meters (656 feet) to 1000 meters (3281 feet). The mesopelagic zone is sometimes referred to as the twilight zone or the midwater zone. The light that penetrates to this depth is extremely faint. It is in this zone that we begin to see the twinkling lights of bioluminescent creatures. A great diversity of strange and bizarre fishes can be found here.
Bathypelagic Zone - The next layer is called the Bathypelaic Zone. It extends from 1000 meters (3281 feet) down to 4000 meters (13,124 feet). Here the only visible light is that produced by the creatures themselves. The water pressure at this depth is immense, but a surprisingly large number of creatures can be found here. Sperm whales can dive down to this level in search of food. Most of the animals that live at these depths are black or red in color due to the lack of light.
Abyssopelagic Zone - The next layer is called the Abyssopelagic Zone. It extends from 4000 meters (13,124 feet) to 6000 meters (19,686 feet). The name comes from a Greek word meaning “no bottom”. The water temperature is near freezing, and there is no light at all. Very few creatures can be found at these crushing depths. Most of these are invertebrates such as basket stars and tiny squids.
Hadalpelagic Zone - Beyond the abyssopelagic zone lies the forbidding Hadalpelagic Zone. This layer extends from 6000 meters (19,686 feet) to 10,000 meters (32,810 feet). These areas are mostly found in deep water trenches and canyons. In spite of the unimaginable pressures and cold temperatures, life can be found here. Invertebrates such as starfish and tube worms can thrive at these depths.
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